Laplacian Determinism - If you know the laws of the universe and a start state, you can predict every aspectof the future. (see this)
Ergodic Theory - I'm not entirely sure what this is. From what I can tell it has to do with sampling/measuring a dynamical system and saying things about the system from the resulting statistics. (see this)
[6] A modified turing machine could represent the randomness you see in ergodic and probability theories.